Modic改变在腰腿痛病例中的分布及相关因素分析

目的探讨腰椎终板Modic改变在腰腿痛病例中的的临床分布特点，并探讨发生Modic改变的相关因素。方法选择2005年一年内因腰痛或坐骨神经痛行腰椎MR检查和常规X线检查的患者1223例，分析腰椎MRI中终板Modic改变在椎间盘节段、年龄和椎间盘退变分类中的分布特点及其相关因素。结果1223例6115个腰椎椎间盘中，257例（21．0％）320个椎间盘（5．2％）邻近终板发生M0dic改变，其中Ⅰ型48例（3．9％）51个椎间盘（0．8％），Ⅱ型206例（16．8％）266个椎间盘（4．3％）、Ⅲ型3例（0．2％）3个椎间盘（0．05％）。椎间盘节段L5S1 168个、L4-5 95个、L3-4 29个、L2-3 18个、L1-2 10个，发生率分别为13．7％、7．8％、2．4％、1．5％、0．8％。突出、脱出和滑脱病例发生率较高（辟0．00）。女性发生率高于男性（P=0．005）。40岁以上是Modic改变发生较多的年龄段（P=0．001）。椎间盘退变程度、椎间盘节段与年龄均和Modic改变具有显著相关性（P=0．000）。回归方程为Y=-5．955＋0．198A＋1．528L＋1．883D（Y为M0dic改变，A为年龄，L为椎间盘节段，D为椎间盘退变程度），P=0．000，EXP值：D=6．571，L=4．609，A=1．220。结论腰椎终板Modic改变和椎间盘退变、椎间盘节段和年龄之间存在相关关系，椎间盘退变是最重要的影响因素。Modic改变Ⅱ型最多，Ⅰ型次之，Ⅲ型最少；多发生于L4-5和L5S1椎间盘节段；女性高于男性；40岁以上是易发年龄。     

脊柱夏科氏关节病的诊断与治疗

脊柱夏科氏关节病是一种罕见的具有进展性的严重的退行性脊柱疾病。其临床表现隐匿且不典型,容易导致漏诊、误诊,延误病情,影响预后。目前国内尚无系统性分析脊柱夏科氏关节病的文献。脊柱夏科氏关节病的病因主要分为脊髓损伤及非损伤性神经病变两类,其中脊髓损伤引发脊柱夏科氏关节病的危险因素包括长节段固定、脊柱侧凸、椎板切除、脊柱负荷过大的运动和肥胖。脊柱夏科氏关节病好发于下胸椎或腰椎,常见症状是脊柱畸形、坐姿不平衡和局部疼痛。根据潜在疾病引起本体感觉及痛温觉损害,影像学上大量的骨破坏和吸收以及大量新骨形成,组织学提示非特异性慢性炎症,并排除其他炎性和肿瘤性疾病,可以作出诊断。对稳定性好、未合并感染、神经功能平稳、未出现皮肤瘘口、坐姿不平衡或自主神经功能紊乱的脊柱夏科氏关节病患者,可以考虑保守治疗。对症状持续大于6个月、脊柱不稳定、皮肤出现瘘口或并发感染的患者建议优先选择手术。术前应评估髋关节的异位骨化或强直,术中重视病灶内坏死组织、炎症组织的充分清除以及足量的植骨,建议融合至骶骨或骨盆。术后并发症包括内固定失败、新的夏科氏关节形成、伤口愈合困难、感染等。对脊髓损伤合并截瘫的术后患者,建议定期、系统、长期随访,观察整体胸腰椎而非仅仅手术部位的影像。熟知脊柱夏科氏关节病的危险因素及典型症状,有助于早期发现和诊断,并选择适当的治疗方案。     

动态中和固定系统治疗腰椎退行性疾病的研究进展

动态固定技术治疗腰椎退行性疾病日益成为基础和临床研究的热点。动态中和固定系统(dynamic neutralization system,Dynesys)作为动态固定技术的一种,既能保持脊柱的活动能力,改善患者的临床症状,还在延缓邻近节段退变方面表现出一定的优势。Dynesys技术可作为腰椎融合之外治疗腰椎退行性疾病的另一最佳选择,主要适用于轻至中度的腰椎退变性疾病,但它缺乏保持和恢复腰椎前凸的机制需要患者主动伸展实现前凸。如何延长使用寿命、预防并发症发生等问题有待解决,其远期疗效及延缓邻近节段退变作用机制需进一步明确。     

Correction: A novel biocompatible,simvastatin-loaded,bone-targeting lipid nanocarrier for treating osteoporosis more effectively

Correction for ‘A novel biocompatible, simvastatin-loaded, bone-targeting lipid nanocarrier for treating osteoporosis more effectively’ by Shan Tao et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 20445–20459, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA00685H.

The authors regret that incorrect versions of Fig. 7, ​,99 and ​and1010 were included in the original article. The correct versions of Fig. 7, ​,99 and ​and1010 are presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 7Histological analysis of organs from all experimental groups. H&E staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, indicating the carrier has good biocompatibility. Scale bar = 50 μm.Open in a separate windowFig. 9Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (arrows) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay results (arrowheads) of bone tissue sections. Scale bar = 50 μm. The ALP activity is much more high in SIM/LNPs and SIM/ASP₆-LNPs groups, while the TRAP activity is the opposite.Open in a separate windowFig. 10Histological assessment of bone formation in all experimental groups. (A) HE staining of femur bone. Scale bar = 50 μm. Histology of bone in the all experimental groups shows all ovariectomized groups had a higher amount of adipose tissue than Sham group. The trabecular bone is much more prominent in SIM/LNPs and SIM/ASP₆-LNPs groups. (B) Immunohistochemical staining for BMP-2 in typical newly-formed bone tissue (red arrows) and immunohistochemical staining for the osteogenic markers osteopontin (OPN, arrows) and osteocalcin (OCN, arrowheads). Scale bar = 50 μm. The BMP-2, OPN, OCN are much more prominent in SIM/LNPs and SIM/ASP₆-LNPs groups.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

小切口经腹膜外前路腰椎椎间融合术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症

 目的 探讨小切口经腹膜外前路腰椎椎间融合术（anterior lumbar interbody fusion,ALIF）治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法 2001年2月至2012年2月应用小切口经腹膜外ALIF手术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者20例,男8例,女12例;年龄44~68岁,平均（53.1±5.9）岁。术中均采用SynFrame拉钩系统及SynFix-LR腰椎前路椎间融合器。统计术中出血量、术后48 h引流量、手术时间及住院天数。于术后2天、3、6、12个月进行随访,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）和疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）对手术疗效进行评估。结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12~110个月,平均（45.6±29.6）个月。术后疼痛VAS评分与ODI值均较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术后2天、3个月、6个月、12个月比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。疼痛VAS评分由术前平均（7.7±0.7）分（5~8分）降至术后12个月平均（1.7±0.9）分（0~3分）,ODI值由术前平均80.6%±3.9%（69%~85%）降至术后12个月6.6%±1.3%（5%~11%）。术中出血量90~220 ml,平均（126.0±40.3） ml;术后48 h引流量35~63 ml,平均（47.5±7.6） ml;住院天数4~11 d,平均（6.7±1.8） d。术后6个月骨性融合。随访期间融合器位置及形态正常,内固定无断裂及滑脱。结论 应用小切口经腹膜外ALIF手术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症,创伤小,能够缓解患者症状及改善功能,脊柱融合率高,手术并发症少,近中期疗效满意。     

间歇性气压治疗促进跟腱愈合的实验研究

目的 探讨间歇性气压治疗促进跟腱断裂修复的疗效.方法 实验分间歇性气压治疗组和未治疗组,建立大鼠跟腱断裂模型后,通过分析比较两组大鼠跟腱愈合横截面积、成纤维细胞计数、糖胺聚糖染色比例及一氧化氮合酶含量等指标评估治疗疗效及跟腱修复机制.结果 3周后跟腱愈合横截面积治疗组为(0.93±0.15)mm2,未治疗组为(0.65±0.06)mm2;光镜下成纤维细胞计数治疗组为(51.23±4.52)个,未治疗组为(30.87±9.87)个;Ⅲ型胶原染色比例治疗组为(12.82±1.89)%,未治疗组为(10.00±0.78)%;糖胺聚糖染色比例治疗组为(89.28±2.35)%,未治疗组为(67.48±5.49)%,一氧化氮合酶蛋白含量治疗组为(217.75±8.78)AU,未治疗组为(170.00±9.54)AU;两组各项结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=1.58、1.63、1.78、1.81、1.66,P均＜0.05).结论 间歇性气压治疗能够有效增加Ⅲ型胶原及糖胺聚糖的表达,增加跟腱愈合横截面积,促进肌腱愈合.     

斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术中椎体骨折的原因和临床结果分析

目的:分析斜外侧椎间融合(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)治疗腰椎病变术中椎体骨折的原因,总结临床结果,提出预防措施。方法:回顾性分析3家医疗中心2014年10月至2018年12月采用斜外侧椎间融合治疗腰椎病变并出现椎体骨折的8例病例资料。8例均为女性,年龄50～81岁,平均66.4岁;腰椎退行性病变1例,腰椎管狭窄症3例,腰椎退行性滑脱2例,腰椎退行性侧后凸2例;术前双能X线骨密度检测,2例T值>-1 SD,2例T值-1～-2.5 SD,4例T值<-2.5 SD;单节段融合5例,双节段融合1例,3节段融合2例;采用Stand-alone OLIF4例,OLIF联合后路椎弓根螺钉固定4例。术后影像检查均提示椎体骨折,且均为单椎体骨折。表现为融合节段上椎体右下缘骨折2例,融合节段下椎体骨折6例;合并终板损伤且融合器部分嵌入椎体6例。3例Stand-alone OLIF病例给予后路肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉固定,另1例Stand-alone OLIF病例和4例OLIF联合后路椎弓根螺钉固定病例未予特殊处理。结果:未予特殊处理的5例与再次手术...     

快速成形3D导板辅助下置入下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉与徒手置钉的对比研究

目的:比较快速成形3D导板辅助下和徒手置入下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉的位置差异,评价两种置钉方法的安全性。方法:8具甲醛浸泡后的成人下颈椎尸体标本,男4具,女4具;年龄32~65(40.3±5.6)岁,行X线片检查排除骨质破坏和畸形后,随机选取其中4具(3D导板组)行CT扫描后获得DICOM格式数据,导入Mimics软件建模,设计颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉(anterior cervical transpedicular screw,ATPS)理想进钉点和钉道,获得钉道的个性化导板后以STL数据导出,通过快速成形和3D打印技术打印个体化导板,依次在3D导板辅助下在之前选取的4具下颈椎尸体标本上一对一的个性化置入ATPS螺钉,另外4具(徒手组)下颈椎尸体标本采用徒手技术置入ATPS螺钉。术后对所有标本行CT薄层扫描加三维重建,采用Tomasino法分别在CT横断位和矢状位图像上评价螺钉的安全性,以明确是否有椎弓根下缘、内缘皮质穿破。根据CT评级结果Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级是安全,Ⅲ-Ⅴ级为危险,记录并统计分析两组ATPS螺钉的准确性评级情况。结果:8具尸体分别在C3-C7节段,每节置入2枚螺钉。共计置入螺钉80枚,3D导板组40枚,徒手组40枚。根据Tomasino螺钉评级法进行螺钉的安全性评级,3D导板组Ⅰ级21枚,Ⅱ级14枚,Ⅲ级3枚,Ⅳ级1枚,Ⅴ级2枚;徒手组Ⅰ级14枚,Ⅱ级8枚,Ⅲ级8枚,Ⅳ级6枚,Ⅴ级2枚;螺钉的安全率3D导板组为87.5%,徒手组为55.0%(χ^2=8.7,P=0.003)。结论:3D打印快速成形导板辅助下置入下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉,可明显提高置钉的准确性和安全性,为后期临床应用提供理论依据。     

Protection of erythropoietin on experimental spinal cord injury by reducing the expression of thrombospondin-1 and transforming growth factor-β

Background Erythropoietin （EPO） functions as a tissue-protective cytokine in addition to its crucial hormonal role in red cell production and neuron protection. This study aimed to determine the neuron protective effect of erythropoietin on experimental rats enduring spinal cord injury （SCI） by assessing thrombospondin-1 （TSP-1） level and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） in the development of a rat model of SCI. Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups： sham operation control group, SCI group and EPO treatment group. By using a weight-drop contusion SCI model, the rats in the SCI group and EPO treatment group were sacrificed at 24 hours and 7 days subsequently. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan （BBB） scores were examined for locomotor function. Pathological changes were observed after HE staining. The expressions of thrombospondin-2 （TSP-1） and TGF-β were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Results Slighter locomotor dysfunction was discovered and it was recovered abruptly as higher BBB scores were found in the EPO treatment group than in the SCI group （P 〈0.01）. Pathologically, progressive disruption of the dorsal white matter and regeneration of a few neurons were also observed in SCI rats. TSP-1 and TGF-β expression increased at 24 hours and 7 days after SCI in the injured segment, and it was higher in the SCI group than in the EPO treatment group. Spinal cord samples from the animals demonstrated a TSP-1 optical density of 112.2±6.8 and TSP-1 positive cells of 5.7±1.3 respectively. After injury, the TSP-1 optical density and cell number increased to 287.2±14.3/mm^2 and 23.2±2.6/mm^2 at 24 hours and to 232.1±13.2/mm^2 and 15.2±2.3/mm^2 at 7 days respectively. When EPO treated rats compared with the SCI rats, the TSP-1 optical density and cell number decreased to 213.1 ±11.6/mm^2 and 11.9±1.6/mm^2 at 24 hours and to 189.9±10.5/mm^2 and 9.3±1.5/mm^2 at 7 days, respectively （P 〈0.01）. In the SCI rats, the TGF-β optical density and positive neuron number were 291.4±15.2/mm^2 and 28.8±4.9/mm^2 at 24 hours and 259.1±12.3/mm^2 and 23.9±4.1/mm^2 at 7 days respectively. They decreased in the EPO treated rats to 222.8±11.9/mm^2 and 13.7±2.1/mm^2 at 24 hours and to 196.5±9.7/mm^2 and 8.7±2.2/mm^2 at 7 days （P 〈0.01）. Conclusions Increased expression of TSP-1 and TGF-β can be found in the injured segment of the spinal cord at 24 hours and 7 days after injury. EPO treatment can effectively prevent pathological alterations from severe spinal cord injury by reduced expression of TSP-1 and TGF-β.